Palisade cells are

plant cells Plant cells are the cells present in green plants, photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Their distinctive features include primary cell walls containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, the presence of plastids with the capabi ...

located on the

leaves A leaf (plural, : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant plant stem, stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", wh ...

, right below the

epidermis The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that comprise the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens and regulates the amount of water rele ...

and

cuticle A cuticle (), or cuticula, is any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection. Various types of "cuticle" are non- homologous, differing in their origin, structu ...

that is the outermost layer of the leaf. In simpler terms, they are known as leaf cells. Palisade means "stake" in latin, they are vertically elongated and are stacked side by side, a different shape from the spongy mesophyll cells beneath them. The

chloroplasts A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant cell, plant and algae, algal cells. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, ...

in these cells absorb a major portion of the

light energy Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), corresponding to frequencies of 750–420 terahe ...

used by the leaf. Palisade cells occur in

dicotyledonous The dicotyledons, also known as dicots (or, more rarely, dicotyls), are one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants (angiosperms) were formerly divided. The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group: namely, t ...

plants, and also in the net-veined

Monocots Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of t ...

, the

Araceae The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). Also ...

and

Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreaceae () is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, with about 715 known species in nine genera. The best-known member of the family is the yam (some species of '' Dioscorea''). The APG system (1998) and APG II system (2003) both ...

Structures

Palisade cells contain the largest number of chloroplasts per cell, which makes them the primary site of

photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. Some of this chemical energy is stored i ...

in the leaves of those plants that contain them, maximizing the production of energy,converting the energy in light to the chemical energy of carbohydrates.

References

Beneath the palisade mesophyll are the spongy mesophyll cells, which also perform photosynthesis. They are irregularly shaped cells that have many intercellular spaces that allow the passage of gases. There are also guard cells that allow the gases to exchange. The guard cells are collectively known as a stoma derived from the Greek word meaning mouth and plural stomata. Holt Science & Technology "Microorganisms, Fungi, and Plants", Holt, Rinehart and Winston * McAlister, Dinah. “Palisade Cell Function.” ''Study.com , Take Online Courses. Earn College Credit. Research Schools, Degrees & Careers'', 26 Jan. 2022. ** This is a website published for students do to research, so it should be a reliable source. It also covers the topic in some depth, so it's helpful in establishing notability. * Kozuka, Toshiaki, et al. “Tissue-Autonomous Promotion of Palisade Cell Development by Phototropin 2 in Arabidopsis.” ''The Plant Cell'', American Society of Plant Biologists, Oct. 2011.{{Cite journal , last1=Kozuka , first1=Toshiaki , last2=Kong , first2=Sam-Geun , last3=Doi , first3=Michio , last4=Shimazaki , first4=Ken-ichiro , last5=Nagatani , first5=Akira , date=October 2011 , title=Tissue-Autonomous Promotion of Palisade Cell Development by Phototropin 2 in Arabidopsis , journal=

The Plant Cell ''The Plant Cell'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of plant sciences, especially the areas of cell and molecular biology, genetics, development, and evolution. It is published by the American Society of Plant Biologists. The editor-i ...

, volume=23 , issue=10 , pages=3684–3695 , doi=10.1105/tpc.111.085852 , issn=1040-4651 , pmc=3229143 , pmid=21972260 ** This is a biotechnology center that covers plant cells and they go more in depth in palisade cell. Plant cells de:Parenchym#Bei Pflanzen